The Right Hemisphere Of The Brain - 1436 Words

Memory plays a key role in all living organisms’ lives. The capability to memorize and therefore remember vital functions e.g. location of nutrient/water sources and manoeuvres of defence and or escape when faced with a predator (excluding plants) is the difference between an organisms survival. The human brain is an organ that serves as the centre of the nervous system and is responsible for all human functions (control centre of body) including memory, movement, the five senses, respiratory and circulatory systems and speech. It is located in the head and is therefore close to most primary sensory organs; visual, auditory, haptic, taste and smell, this is essential for quick procession and comprehension of outside stimuli that shape†¦show more content†¦The cortex is divided into four different lobes, the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital, which are each responsible for processing different types of sensory information. The frontal lobe, located at the fro nt and upper area of the cortex and carries out mental processes including thinking, planning, speaking fluently (without fault) and is where personalities are formed. The parietal lobe processes sensory information including mainly taste, temperature and touch and is the upper, back part of the cortex. The temporal lobe processes and comprehends auditory sensory information, serves as a storage area, controls memory and is found at the bottom middle area of the cortex, behind the temples. The occipital lobe processes and comprehends all visual sensory information and is located at the bottom, back part of the cortex. The medulla oblongata, responsible for all involuntary functions (without thought), carrying out and regulating life sustaining activities: breathing, swallowing, blood pressure and heart rate, is located along the lower area of the brain stem. The cerebellum is found in the lower area of the brain, below the pons, is subject to voluntary actions (carried out with purpose) and maintains balance and coordination of muscles and the body. The hypothalamus, located above the pituitary gland and below the thalamus, duties include inducing motivational behaviours such as hunger and thirst, helps maintain constant body temperature and

Cognitive Dissonance Theory - Applications - 2122 Words

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction 1.1. What is Cognitive Dissonance? 1.2. Cognitive Dissonance Phenomena 1.3. Ways to address Cognitive Dissonance 1.4. Significance 2. Project Statement 3. Methodology 3.1. Sample 3.2. Material 3.3. Procedure 4. Results 5. Conclusion 6. References 1. Introduction 1.1. What is Cognitive Dissonance? The cognitive dissonance theory was proposed by a famous psychologist Leon Festinger in the 1950’s. The theory states that if a person holds two inconsistent cognitions, then he will experience an uncomfortable tension and this state of mind is called cognitive dissonance. In general, the human tendency is to reduce this inconsistency or dissonance. As the name suggests, this state has two components – the first one being cognitive which is related to the mind or how an individual thinks or reasons, and the other component being dissonance, which deals with a conflict between two things occurring at the same time. A cognition (also called a cognitive element) may be defined as any belief, opinion, attitude, perception, or piece of knowledge about anything - about other persons, objects, issues, oneself, and so on. Cognitive dissonance theory claims that people feel a need to reduce the uncomfortable conflict between what is felt or believed and what is happening, and th us they adjust either their situation or their beliefs in order to make the two exist, and agree, simultaneously. This internal drive (or motivation)Show MoreRelatedCognitive Dissonance And Its Effect On Behavior1654 Words   |  7 PagesPeople experience cognitive dissonance when they perceive that there is a mismatch between their attitudes and behaviors. Because we are motivated to keep our cognitions consistent, the inconsistency brought about by dissonance becomes a drive that must be reduced. This is done by changing either the attitude or the behavior such that they may accurately align with each other. Eventually, the New Look model to dissonance will shift the causal path to an explanation using avoidance of aversive consequencesRead MoreAn Application of Equity Theory to Buyer-Seller Exchange Situations1047 Words   |  5 PagesAn Application of Equity Theory to Buyer-Seller Exchange Situations The theory of cognitive dissonance posits that when an individual s cognitive elements are inconsistent with each other, a state of cognitive dissonance exists [15, 27]. Also, it is assumed that when such a condition is present an individual develops a need to restore equilibrium [15, 27]. Dissonance may be aroused from various sources: decision making, forced compliance, exposure to dissonant information, and disagreement Read MoreAssignment on Cognitive Dissonance1417 Words   |  6 PagesTheory Paper on Cognitive Dissonance Theory â€Å"Sometimes people hold a core belief that is very strong. When they are presented with evidence that works against that belief, the new evidence cannot be accepted. It would create a feeling that is extremely uncomfortable, called cognitive dissonance. And because it is so important to protect the core belief, they will rationalize, ignore and even deny anything that doesn t fit in with the core belief.† ― Frantz Fanon, Black Skin, WhiteRead MoreCognitive Dissonance in Employment658 Words   |  3 PagesCognitive Dissonance in Employment: In a practical sense, cognitive dissonance reactions generally originate from the peoples perspective of themselves, especially as intelligent and nice people. Generally, the concept or theory of cognitive dissonance helps to understand how people attempt to make sense of the world they live in. However, the theory does not precisely forecast what a person will do minimize or get rid of disagreement. This theory mainly states that a person will be stimulatedRead MoreThe Vaccine War Essay1154 Words   |  5 PagesVaccine War, the particular theory exemplified on the human behavior is Cognitive Dissonance Theory. Cognitive Dissonance Theory is a notion created by Leon Festinger that disputes that dissonance is an awkward feeling that encourages people to take action to diminish it. This theory is composed of two components: cognitions and cognitive dissonance. Cognitions are defined as, â€Å"ways of knowing, beliefs, judgments, and thoughts† (West Turner, 2009). Cogniti ve dissonance is defined as, â€Å"feeling ofRead MoreCommunication Theories in Everyday Life1617 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Communication Theories in Everyday Life Communication is an essential part of peoples everyday lives; however, it has many nuances that are dependent on individual and social differences that is, dependent on the cultural context from which communication and interaction occurs. It is through communication theories that daily interactions among people are identified, determined, and understood. Communication theories take into account different components that describe the nature and dynamicsRead MoreCognitive Dissonance Theory1621 Words   |  7 Pagescreated the cognitive dissonance theory as an attempt to explain why people desire to have consistency between their behaviors and actions. Cognitive dissonance is the distressing mental state people feel when they find themselves doing things that don’t fit with what they know, or having opinions that do not fit with other opinions they hold (Festinger, 1957; as cited in Griffin, 2009). Thus, people are motivated to change either their behavior or their belief when f eelings of dissonance arise. Read MoreSelf Perception Theory1700 Words   |  7 Pagesof Contents | Page N ° | 01 | Executive summary | 03 | 02 | Theories | 04 | 03 | Techniques | 05 | 04 | Decision making | 06 | 05 | References | 08 | â€Å"Self perception theory† Executive summary:- Self-perception theory (SPT) is an account of attitude change developed by psychologist Daryl Bem. It asserts that people develop their attitudes by observing their behavior and concluding what attitudes must have caused them. The theory is counterintuitive in nature, as the conventional wisdom isRead MoreTheories of Persuasion1733 Words   |  7 Pagesaudience likes or prefers. The following paper seeks to explore some of the main theories surrounding persuasion. The three that will be discussed are Cognitive Dissonance, the Elaboration Likelihood Model and the Psychological Motivational Theory with special attention to Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. These theories when explained in full will discuss the process behind persuasive writing or speech. These theories will be illustrated in the form of a political speech given by the fictional partyRead MoreIs the Purpose of Advertising to Create Cognitive Dissonance1972 Words   |  8 Pagesextension is the theory of cognitive dissonance. The purpose of advertising can be to create a cognitive dissonance to generate a favourable response from the buyer toward a product or a concept. First of all, I will talk about the purpose of advertising and its mechanism and I will look at how it can be related to the theory of cognitive dissonance. In addition to that, I will examine the effects of fear appeals on consumers, which are a direct application of the theory of cognitive dissonance. I will try

Everything Free Essays

Name Submittal Date Course Number and Section Week 6 Case Study Questions #1. ) Using the details of the case study, identify the stages – a beginning, middle, end, and an aftermath – of the conflict process that Edward and Elizabeth went through. The beginning was when Laura texted Edward back and he thought she was upset. We will write a custom essay sample on Everything or any similar topic only for you Order Now The middle was when Edward texted her back upset about her response. The end was when they argued at home of dumb stuff even though the argument was for no reason. The aftermath is now they are both mad at each other. 2. ) What is the disinhibition effect and how did it play a role in the case study? The disinhibtion effect is the loss of inhibitions when interacting with someone online that leads to the tendency to escalate the conflict. They weren’t watching how they were emailing so it seemed rude when she emailed it even though she didn’t mean to. #3. ) Discuss at least three strategies to alleviate online conflict, be it from texting, IMing, or emailing? How could have Edward and Elizabeth employed these strategies to avoid their conflict? There strategies to alleviate online conflict are too breath, plan your message don’t text real quick cause you might regret what you send. Avoid personal attach, name calling and emotional overstatement. Another would be too be sure you want to express your anger, sometimes it’s not worth the fight. Edward definitely should have breathed and made sure if he wanted to express his anger. #4. ) Often times we hold back our true feelings with a spouse or significant other because we assume the issue is trivial and not turning into a conflict. But how might not sharing your feelings with a spouse or significant other have a long-term effect on your relationship? Use specifics from the case study to support your answer. The long term effect is you start to resent your partner because you never express that he upset you. So when you finally do argue you bring up all that pushed back feelings and explode. Thus causing a much worse fight. In the case study I chose for him to confront her so there wasn’t really any held in emotion. #5. ) What are some of the skills and strategies used to maintain and escalate a close relationship? How could Edward and Elizabeth use these skills to overcome the issue they have with their electronically-mediated communication? Some of the skills to maintain a close relationship are to express emotions, provide comfort and social support engage in relationship talk, be tolerant and show restraint, and manage conflict cooperatively. They could express emotion using emoticons. Definitely show restraint and not text immediately when thinking someone is upset. Always see first if they upset before attacking them saying why are they mad and such. How to cite Everything, Papers

Sociology and Family Structure free essay sample

This statement cannot be truer with regards to my family. Growing up in a close family is something that I will always cherish and something that both my parents were able to do as well. My nuclear family consists of my dad Rick who is 54, my mom Debbie who is 51, my sister Mary Rose who is 17 and me I am 21. We are a very close family, in fact we lived right across the street from one of my ncles and my grandma on my moms side my whole life. My dads parents were at the house almost every day and it is something that I will cherish forever. My grandfather on my moms side passed away when I was five and the rest of my grandparents passed away last year but I have memories of all them and their efforts made our family very strong and gave us strong ties, cultural heritage and a love that will always stay with my family. Although I am very close with my dads side of the family, I am going to compare my nuclear family with my moms nuclear family because my dad was an only child nd my mothers side is larger and I have taken more of the customs of my moms family. My moms family would be considered a bigger family in todays society but in terms of the time, when my mom grew up, her family was considered Just a little above the average size family. My Grandmother, Mary and my grandfather, James had six children all together. Rita is the oldest at age 78, then Theresa at age 70, then Jimmy who is deceased and died at age 55, then Anthony who is 65 now, George who is 58 and finally my mother Debbie who is 51. As it can easily be seen there is a arge age gap between the oldest and youngest child in the family. Something that is unique about my moms family is that my Aunt Rita was married before my mother was born. In todays society that is not usually the case and is something that would have been impossible in my family because there is only a five years age difference between my sister and l. Because my Aunt Rita and Theresa were so much older than my mother, they helped my grandmother a lot by taking care of my mother and as she stated, miour Aunt Rita and Aunt Theresa were Just like mothers to me, we had unique relationship because they were so much older than me. This is hard for me to understand because Mary and I are more like friends than anything and we help each other out because we are so close in age. One thing that my parents instilled in my sister and I is a strong connection to our ethnicity and our religion. The reason why is because my grandparents instilled the same thing into them. Every Sunday my parents, my sister and I go to church together at St. Johns Maronite Catholic Church and then we go to lunch together as a family. When my mother was younger she did the same thing with her family. In this now it has become a ritual for my sister and I too. Another thing that my grandparents instilled in their children are strong ties to their ethnicity. My grandparents on my moms side were both full blooded Lebanese. They were proud to be Lebanese and passed that on to their children and their children passed it on to my cousins and my sister and l. Coming from an ethnic home is something that I am proud of because our family is very close and we follow tradition within our culture. It is not unlikely to see my mother and her sisters making Lebanese dishes uch as kibble, grape leaves or lamb, on Sunday afternoons. This is something that my grandmother and her sisters did as well and the tradition has Just carried on, also my sister and my female cousins learned how to make these dishes as well so the tradition of cooking will carry on for more generations of our family. My grandfather worked at a steel mill and my grandmother did not have a Job, so my mothers family was in the lower middle class. But with six children it was very tough for them to spend money. It was not uncommon in that time for the mother of home to not work so it is understandable why my grandmother did not have a Job, she had to take care of the children, cook, clean the house and wash cloths, all the stereotypical things a house wife would do. My grandfather made about $40,000 a year, which is a good income but as stated above not enough to live comfortably with six children. Neither my grandmother nor my grandfather had anything above a high school education; in fact my Uncle George and my mother (two youngest siblings) are the only two in the family with a college degree. My grandfather knew he times were changing in the 1960s and a college degree would be needed to get a good Job and made it a point for my Uncle George and my mother to attend college although they were forced to commute due to the financial situation. With all this in mind it is time to compare my mothers family with my own. Both of my parents work, in fact my mother has a larger income than my father. My mother is a principal in the New Castle School District and my father is a Lawrence County Commissioner. Both of my parents have a college degree, my dad has a Bachelors degree and my other has both a Bachelors and Masters degree, this is interesting compared to my grandparents who did not even attend college. Together my parents make over $150,000 a year, which puts us in the upper middle class. Our financial situation is also made easier because we only have two children in the family compared to six. It is easily seen that intergenerational mobility has occurred; the distinctions in levels of income, occupational status, and education level are very different between the two generations. The gender roles in my mothers family were stereotypical roles for xample the men worked, cut the grass and performed outside chores, while the women cooked, cleaned, washed the dishes and did the laundry. My grandfather was a strict parent, my mom and her siblings had a curfew every night and had to perform the household tasks before they could even think about doing something fun. If the curfew was broke or the household tasks were not performed my grandfather would discipline them accordingly, my grandmother was the one who always would let them get away with breaking curfew and not doing the chores. My grandfather was also very particular about dinner, dinner was to be at five oclock very night and everyone was to sit around the table and eat together. This is an it and did the same thing with their families. In my mothers family, my grandfather was definitely the head authority in the household, which was common for the times my mother grew up in. My family is different than my mothers family in most of these respects. One thing that is different is the division of labor, no one in my family does any chores around the house because we hire others to do it for us, this is something that spoils us and something that I am not proud of but it is necessary ecause both of my parents work, my sister is busy with her high school activities and I am only home on the weekends. Another thing that is different is that my mother is more of an authority fgure in the household, especially when it comes to my sister and me. My father is more laid back and Just tries to explain to my sister and I what the difference is between right and wrong, he does this because thats how his mom and dad raised him whereas my mom grounds us or screams to get her point across, which is something she learned from my grandfather. The differences n the gender roles of the family deal with how my parents were raised and their occupations. Many traditions and customs have not changed from my grandparents generation to mine, customs such as going to church together, cooking and overall closeness will go on in this family for a long time because it is something that was instilled in my sister and I by my parents and we will instill it in our kids as well. But many things have also changed such as family structure, socioeconomic status, education levels, and authority structure. Family structure has changed because my family only has wo kids compared to the six kids in my mothers family. Socioeconomic structure has changed because my parents make more money and both of them work. Both of my parents went to college and received degrees whereas my grandparents only had high school diplomas. My mother is also more of an authoritative fgure than my dad because of the difference in how my grandparents raised my mother and father. It is interesting to look at the family from this prospective and realize that although many things remain the same in a family, many things do change as well.